Operant Conditioning free essay sample

Old style molding structures relationship among boosts and includes respondent conduct, or the programmed reactions to an upgrade. In operant molding, life forms partner their own activities with results. Activity followed by reinforcers increment and those followed by punishers decline. It utilizes operant conduct, or conduct that works on the earth to deliver fulfilling or rebuffing boosts. Operant molding includes operant conduct that effectively works on nature to deliver boosts. Skinners work explained a straightforward truth that Edward Thorndike called the law of impact: compensated conduct is probably going to repeat. In his analyses including the now well known ‘Skinner box’, Skinner utilized forming, a methodology where prizes manage a creatures conduct toward an ideal conduct. By compensating reactions that are nearer and nearer to the last wanted conduct, and overlooking every single other reaction, scientists can bit by bit shape complex practices. A reinforcer is any occasion that expands the recurrence of a first reaction. We will compose a custom article test on Operant Conditioning or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Reinforcers can be: certain, introducing a wonderful upgrade after a reaction; negative, lessening or expelling an undesirable improvement; essential, intrinsically fulfilling; or auxiliary, learned; and quick or deferred. At the point when the ideal reaction is strengthened each time it happens, ceaseless fortification is included. Increasingly regular are halfway support plans. Fixed-proportion plans strengthen conduct after a set number of reactions; variable-proportion plans give reinforcers after an eccentric number of reactions. Fixed-span plans include an equivalent delay after every reinforcer, and variable-stretch calendars fortify the primary reaction in the wake of changing time spans. Like fortification, discipline is best when solid, quick, and reliable. Nonetheless, discipline isn't just something contrary to fortification, because of the way that it can have a few unfortunate reactions, for example, expanded animosity and dread of the punisher. In any event, when discipline smothers undesirable conduct, it regularly doesn't direct one toward increasingly attractive conduct. The psychological point of view has prompted a significant capability concerning the intensity of remunerations. The over avocation effectâ indicates that individuals may come to see rewards, as opposed to enthusiasm, as the inspiration for playing out an assignment. By subverting inborn intrigue, prizes can convey concealed expenses. Similarly as with old style molding, a creatures characteristic inclinations oblige its ability for operant molding. Skinner has been condemned for over and again demanding that outer impacts, not inner contemplations and sentiments, shape conduct and for asking the utilization of operant standards to control people groups conduct. Pundits contend that he dehumanized individuals by disregarding their individual flexibility and by trying to control their activities. Operant standards have been applied in an assortment of settings. For instance, in schools, PC helped guidance epitomizes the operant perfect of individualized forming and prompt support. In organizations, uplifting feedback for occupations all around done has supported worker efficiency. In the home, people groups utilization of vitality has been diminished by adjusting the results and giving input. Operant Conditioning free exposition test Study Guide Operant molding is a type of learning where an individual changes his conduct as a result of the aftereffects of his conduct. Skinner Box Example of Operant Conditioning Operant molding is a type of realizing, which expresses that an individual changes his conduct as a result of the aftereffects of his conduct. The aftereffect of acts can be fortification, discipline and annihilation. Encouraging feedback (Reinforcement) happens when there is a prize for a type of conduct. Negative support (Escape) happens when an aversive boost is evacuated. Positive discipline happens when an improvement is included, which brings about the conduct happening less frequently. Negative discipline happens when a boost is removed, which brings about the conduct happening less regularly. Operant Conditioning ? Operant molding is a type of learning. As indicated by this hypothesis, an individual changes his conduct on account of the consequences of his conduct. termination ? the activity of making or getting out of date or suspended. We will compose a custom exposition test on Operant Conditioning or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Operant molding Operant molding is a type of learning. As indicated by this hypothesis, an individual changes his conduct in view of the consequences of his conduct. The outcome can be: Reinforcement: a positive or remunerating occasion which makes the conduct happen all the more frequently. Discipline: a negative or rebuffing occasion which makes the conduct happen less regularly. Eradication: no occasion follows; the conduct has no results. At the point when a conduct has no results, it will happen less habitually. Four Contexts of Operant Conditioning Within operant molding, the terms positive and negative are not utilized in their normal or famous sense; positive implies that something is included, and negative methods something is removed. Uplifting feedback (Reinforcement) happens when there is an award for a type of conduct. This will expand the recurrence at which the conduct happens. In the Skinner Box explore, the prize is as food when the rodent presses a switch. Negative fortification (Escape) happens when an aversive upgrade is evacuated. This will expand the recurrence at which the conduct happens. In the Skinner Box analyze, there was an uproarious clamor, which was evacuated when the rodent squeezed the switch. Positive discipline happens when a boost is included, which brings about the conduct happening less frequently. Model boosts might be uproarious clamor, electric stun (rodent), or a beating (youngster). Negative discipline happens when an improvement is removed, which brings about the conduct happening less regularly. A model may be a childs toy removed after the kid does an undesired conduct. Synopsis: 2. Operant Conditioning It is the fundamental procedure by which a people conduct is formed by fortification or by discipline. A genuine model is the investigation by Pedalino Gamboa (1974). To help decrease the recurrence of worker lateness, the scientists actualized a game-like framework for all representatives that showed up on schedule. At the point when a worker showed up on schedule, they were permitted to draw a card. Through the span of a 5-day week's worth of work, the representative would have a full hand for poker. Toward the week's end, the best hand won $20. This basic technique diminished representative lateness altogether and showed the viability of operant molding on people. Source: http://www. studymode. com/expositions/Examples-Of-Classical-Conditioning-Operant-Conditioning-609191. html

Legal Issues in HR Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lawful Issues in HR Management - Essay Example â€Å"Unfortunately, the reality for most organizations isn't whether yet rather when you’ll be confronted with a legitimate issue including an employee† (Weisbord et al, 1995). The primary concern is to take a handy, prudent methodology so the organization can reduce the chance of being indicted. Confronted with fixed budgetary plans just as money related pressure, organizations neglect to recognize the criticalness of directing their supervisors. Most of administration claims includes a cutting edge manager’s conduct, either for the explanation that the director couldn't control by model and occupied in awful conduct, or the supervisor didn't perceive how to manage a work environment concern appropriately. Preparing the supervisors about basic business law thoughts and the best approach to be a fruitful chief is exceptionally huge. Another issue is that organizations disregard to complete occasional examinations of their HR methodologies and practices to ensure that they are progressed and as per the legitimate necessities. Checking on the HR and finance works inside the business has never been increasingly imperative. For example, the â€Å"Department of Labor’s Wage and Hour Division has gotten increasingly forceful in seeing whether absolved workers are appropriately arranged and if additional time is being determined correctly† (Getwood, 2007) . ... Finance is an incredibly synchronized and troublesome assignment. It requires noteworthy understanding just as exertion to give compensations in the affirmed way and instantly. However laborers look forward to their checks to be done accurately and given expeditiously. If not, the business can have serious assurance and legitimate difficulties. Set of laws affecting finance fuse the ‘Fair Labor Standards Act’ which controls extra time compensation commitments, the IRS which controls personal assessment support, and other national and state laws which authorize ‘state annual expense withholding’, representatives installment premiums, and joblessness repayment. â€Å"Payroll record keeping is likewise basic for, among different reasons, the issuance of W2 structures toward the finish of the year† (Weisbord et al, 1995). Redistributing finance is a remarkable answer for the lawful understanding concerns. The finance administrations can give support in wo rking with the law and, in many occasions, satisfying lawful necessities. Government OSHA principles have four fundamental gatherings: general exchange, building, marine, and development. While a couple of norms are specific to just one gathering, others relate across enterprises. With the guidelines having comparable conditions for each division of industry are those that manage the entrance to clinical and presentation account, individual cautious hardware, and correspondence about hazard. Access to therapeutic and presentation account requires the organization to give the specialist option to use to any clinical report the organization keeps up identifying with that laborer, along with any report in regards to the specialist's contact to deadly substances. Individual guarded devices expect organizations to give laborers with

Use Argumentative Essay Topics For Writing And Reflecting On Your Lifestyle

Use Argumentative Essay Topics For Writing And Reflecting On Your LifestyleSome people take long argumentative essay topics and turn them into long and hard-hitting publications. Of course, those who make those kinds of publications never do any research to see what other people are doing with these topics. They just decide they will simply write their own argumentative essays and start writing.In reality, you have to look for a little more research when you work on long essay topics. These topic papers can be a great way to shine in the essay writing world. The best thing about essay topics is that many people who take up topics like this are quite intelligent. In fact, they have an endless amount of material that they can use to create that one outstanding argumentative essay.Before you start writing, it's important to realize that there are many things that you will need to think about and put down in writing. There are many different points of view, you can choose from. Research, analysis, and facts are only a few of the things that you should consider when you are writing.There are also plenty of free resources that can help you gain insight on these topics. From essays and dissertations to blog posts and eBooks, there are so many options available to you. You'll be surprised at the things you'll learn.Writing is a skill that can be learned and perfected. It takes time and a lot of effort to produce something of good quality. Even when you are sure that you know how to write well, some writers will still need help from others who know what they are doing. With lots of essay topics to choose from, you will be able to find one that works for you.With the help of your friends or professors, you can get the initial research for your topics and bring all of the original research that you have into your topic. This will allow you to turn your essay topics into something that is completely original. The point of an argumentative essay is to present your opinion o n a particular subject. For this reason, you'll need to understand what you are trying to say.Long argumentative essay topics are a great way to get in touch with your passions and your views on topics that interest you. If you choose well, you'll be able to get a piece of writing that people will be talking about long after you have finished it. If you study up and you follow a plan, you'll be ready to go.As you study up on long essay topics, you will find that you are able to do things that you never thought possible. You'll be able to write some wonderful pieces of writing and to show your readers why they should agree with you on the topic. This is an incredible feeling to experience.

Art History Timeline Prehistory to Contemporary

Listening Teaching Demos for Intermediate Level Free Essay Example, 1750 words

Moreover, the exploratory nature of this particular exercise is unique due to the fact that many forms of education merely indicate that rote memorization should be engaged in order for the student to gain any degree of benefit. However, as has been noted with regards the lesson plan above, by allowing curiosity and the excitement of the unknown to help promote these determinacy’s, the students is in fact able to partially motivate themselves as a means of engaging with the subject matter at hand. Although structure within the classroom is ineffective tool that can be used to impact positively upon the degree and extent to which information is related to the student, the open form of structure that is provided within this particular lesson plan allows for an even further level of growth and student identification. Whereas it could naturally be provided that teacher is responsible for gathering the information from the students had been relating whether or not it is correct or incorrect, the process that has been engaged with regards to this particular lesson plan allows for the student to engage with the information amongst themselves, study it, and determine which approach is the most effective prior to coming to some form of a democratic agreement within their respective teams and representing this information to the front of the class. We will write a custom essay sample on Listening Teaching Demos for Intermediate Level or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Whereas it is important and effective to engage in different forms of activities that strengthen knowledge and understanding, the juxtaposition of the ability to engage in geographic understanding, cultural appreciation, historical significance, teambuilding, and the democratic process all-in-one time is a highly effective means of presenting any subject and is, at least within the mind of this educator, extraordinarily useful. From the information that is been read in the courses that had been participated in the past, it is obvious to this particular educator that one of the most effective means of engaging the student and encouraging them to remember a particular action is not with regards to sitting them down with a pencil and piece of paper and making them regurgitate the fact that they had been preached. Rather, a more effective approach is to allow them a degree of exploration and discussion amongst themselves with regards to the learning process thereby integrating a degree of self-involvement and appreciation that it necessarily represents. Although no single process is in and of itself perfect and without need of improvement, it is the understanding of this particular educator, after the reflection which is been engaged, that the approach provided is essentially one of the most effective in teaching cardinal points and an appreciation for history, culture, teambuilding, the democratic process, a nd understanding all of the same time.

Identity Works Relevance For Understanding Contemporary Work

Identity Work’s relevance for understanding contemporary work and organising: - Shifting towards a modern organisational identity: - In order to understand identity work, we need to understand the changing role of organisational identity in contemporary organisation. Marx, Weber Durkheim observed a shift from agricultural and craftwork to factory and office based work (Barley Kunda, 2001). A shift from a more physical blue-collar labour to an office based white collar took place. Whilst computers and other technologies have eliminated different kinds of work, they have also created new ones and have transformed a significant portion of others, for example in IT industry (Barley 1988, Adler 1992). There are new struggles in the workplace ¬, such as new identity intensive issues such as feminisation of managerial roles, the shifting meaning of professionalism and internationalisation of business activity. The increased number of women occupying managerial and professional positions, traditionally taken by men, has changed the former taken-for-granted meaning of managerial identity (Alvesson Willmott, 2002). Tak ing all of these identity changes in account, Barley and Kunda suggest that the nature of work and organisation studies are interdependent (Barley Kunda 2001), therefore, contemporary organisational theorists are forced to adapt to the change in the nature of work. Defining and Conceptualising Identity Work: - Identity work is the process of forming,Show MoreRelatedANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 PagesAny literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model† for a piece of critical appreciation. Nevertheless, one can give information and suggestions that may prove helpful. PLOT The Elements of Plot When we refer to the plot of a work of fiction, thenRead More Transcending Herbert Marcuse on Alienation, Art and the Humanities4411 Words   |  18 Pageslearning to art, political education to human flourishing? Philosophers from Confucius and Aristotle to John Dewey and Paulo Freire have investigated, as the axial human problem, how education is to help us in accomplishing our own humanization. The contemporary search for a genuinely critical theory and an authentically democratic society continues that project. But what can make theory critical, education liberating, society democratic? It is necessary to theorize our society critically if we areRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership, Fifth Edition Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition Reed−Lajoux and others . . . This book was

Their Common Enemy Essay Research Paper THEIR free essay sample

Their Common Enemy Essay, Research Paper THEIR COMMON ENEMY It is known that a figure of pupils dislike school. School is a large subject of conversation in every pupil? s life. Some pupils enjoy the work but most speak about how atrocious it is. Take a random group of pupils ; have an unfastened treatment on school work and you will happen that pupils will be holding with each other about how stressed they are. The pupils found a common enemy and it brought them closer because they could speak bad about school and hold with each other. Just like the pupils who bond when speaking about school assignment, Linda and Willy from Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, bond when they discuss money. ? Well it makes 70 dollars and some pennies, That? s really good ( 35 ) . ? Linda says this to Willy after she found out that his wage wasn? T as expected. We will write a custom essay sample on Their Common Enemy Essay Research Paper THEIR or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Whenever they talk about paying their mortgage they seem to compromise and hold a healthy conversation. Normally when they talk about other of import issues, they end up reasoning because Willy has a short pique. ? You shouldn? Ts have criticized him, Willy, particularly after he merely got off the train. You mustn? Ts lose your pique with him ( 15 ) . ? Willy has no shame because he will speak about anyone and non care. Talking about their mortgage helps them to remain together by holding with one another. Whenever the subject comes up, their tempers wholly change and even though they might non cognize it ; they act as if paying their mortgage is their favourite thing to discourse. ? WILLY: ? Well, that? s a great thing. To endure a 25 twelvemonth mortgage is. ? LINDA: ? It? s and accomplishment. ? ( 73 ) . ? When they are about done paying they are really happy and even Willy makes a remark ; but he stops himself from showing his true feelings. Why? Why does Willy forestall himself from bein g happy with the good things that he has in his life? He tries to populate a life that doesn? t exist and ends up agonising. He should merely bask what he already has and work with it. What ends up go oning is that Willy becomes his ain enemy so it? s non about the mortgage or money any longer. He is the enemy and Linda, Biff and Happy are the one? s that come together to assist Willy be content. ? LINDA: ? He? s deceasing Biff. ? Punch: ? Why is he deceasing? ? LINDA: ? He? s been seeking to kill himself. ? ( 58 ) ? Linda and Biff come together even more because of Willy seeking to perpetrate self-destruction. Willy is destructing himself because he is excessively much of a dreamer. Linda negotiations to Willy realistically and attempts to interrupt up his dreams. If Willy was to maintain waiting for the dreams he would travel insane. Linda knows this and explains to him that his dreams will neer come true. She cares excessively much about her childs, herself and Willy to allow him blow his life. Biff and Happy are invariably speaking to him and doing him experience of import. They try deflecting him from woolgathering. Linda, Biff and Happy all talk about, and agree with what to make to assist Willy. Willy is the common enemy that brings Linda, Biff and Happy together and to be trusty of each other, which in bend allows Willy? s autumn to be softer. Bing close makes Willy? s possible decease a little easier because they can back up each other instead than fault each other. This household is a authoritative instance of happening a common enemy and working with it to come together. The common enemy started out to be money, but that was a camouflage for the existent enemy # 8211 ; Willy. The pupil? s enemy being school could convey them together and potentially happen a manner to decide their common job. Linda, Biff and Happy bond with each other to assist Willy halt dreaming, and appreciate his life.

3000 Essays - Zombies, Haitian Vodou, Horror Fiction, Mind Control

3000 It was the year 3000. The world was just coming out of another major war, World War Four. It has been a little over a year since the war ended. Things are recovering nicely. My older brother T.S. was recruited, he survived. We were happy to see him come home. School has just started back again, things have changed, the teachers seem to be very timid and quiet, they have hardly given us any homework. A lot of people I know have lost their families, I'm lucky to still have my family. None of my close friends were effected either, my friends and I are all well off, we could afford not to get hurt. This was are last year in school. We were to graduate in four months; then we would never have school again. The month before school ended, some talk about the Hitler of World War Four was afoot. See, what this man tried to do was take over the world with an army of ?zombies.? Actually they weren't really zombies, they were normal people, but with chips in their head. But, this man, Alexander, couldn't just get a lot of people to volunteer to be zombies, so he tried to take over a small country. The country was Kerblakistan. He actually did take quite a few prisoners, and he also had quite a few allies, they were Japan, Germany, and China, they were all promised the world. But, the rest of the world was against him, us being the most powerful. We completely destroyed Japan and Germany. This was no large war, the smallest of all the world wars. So, rumor has it that Alexander, who disappeared after the war, was back at the same old stuff again. He is said to have taken the soldiers from the war, to turn into his zombies. The government was not ready to deal with, or look into this, after this war. But, there has been speculation on what could happen. So, here we are at home, my friend Jay, and my brother T.S. and I. We had just heard on the news that Alexander has assembled an army and has just invaded the northwest coast. He has not killed many people, but only taken them prisoner. The army has had unsuccessful attempts to stop him, being worn from the war. Alexander's army was growing larger and larger, the zombies were not unstoppable but close to it. So, we all get in my car and head down to the army surplus store. Being an ex-soldier, my brother was entitled to buy any weapons he wanted, on top of the ones he already had. He bought us two guns apiece, and since Jay's parents were in space, he would be sticking with us. We bought some food rations and headed home, there was so much commotion, I'm glad we had an early start. We got to my brother's apartment, and turned on the news. We packed duffel bags with our weapons, food, clothing, and gas masks. We were preparing for something the world has never seen before. Then, we hopped in bed for a restless sleep. We awoke in the early morning to commotion outside. We saw no one, except for people walking aimlessly in the streets and police cars. It looks like the worst was happening, we locked the doors, ran downstairs, we notice there were no radio, or television communications. We boarded the windows and bolted the doors as best we could. Jay kept watch while we ate?and planned?for what would take place. After we had all eaten, we took a sheet of titanium from the attic, we all went down to the basement, with everything we needed and shut ourselves in with the titanium. We were down there for days, we just about went insane. The power was turning off and on for long periods of time. That was the worst. We were hearing things outside, horrible things, gunshots, screams all of it. We gathered our bravery, and began to cut a whole in the titanium. We got into the upper house, only to find it broken into. But, nothing was gone. So we felt endangered and decided to venture out.

10 Tips for Getting Rid of Fruit Flies

10 Tips for Getting Rid of Fruit Flies Fruit flies are one of the most persistent kitchen pests. These tiny winged marauders procreate quickly and stick around long after youve tossed the fruits and veggies that first attracted them. If youre at your wits end with these nuisances, dont despair. Getting rid of them requires patience and smarts but these tips will help you eliminate any potential fruit fly breeding grounds in your home so youll be able to make them go away- and keep them from coming back. 1. Dispose of Any Rotting Fruits and Vegetables First things first: The minute you see even a few fruit flies, its time to purge your unrefrigerated produce. Anything thats beyond ripe, oozing liquid, or has been cut or broken open must go. Dont just throw things in the garbage or compost bin, either- unless your compost bin is outdoors and located a distance from your house. Bag everything up and take it outside to the trash. And be sure to clean up any residual mess left behind on countertops or in containers. 2. Scrub Your Recycling Cans Anything thats sweet or fermented or has a little moisture is a suitable habitat for fruit flies. Empty soda cans, wine bottles, and beer cans completely and rinse them out. After youve taken all bottles and cans out for pickup, give the bin a thorough scrubbing to remove any beer, wine, or juice residue. 3. Take Any Compost Scraps Outside If you compost kitchen scraps and find you have fruit flies buzzing about, its time to clean out the compost bin. Until you get the infestation under control, youll need to take produce scraps directly to your outdoor compost pile. Empty any indoor compost containers and give them a good scrubbing, too. 4. Replace Old Sponges, Mops, and Dishrags Did you know that fruit flies can breed on sour sponges, mops, and dishrags? If you havent changed your kitchen sponge or your mop refill recently, replace them. Throw any reusable dishrags in the wash and put disposable ones in a sealed bag. 5. Clean Your Dishes Immediately Dont wait until the end of the day to wash your dishes, especially if they have residue from things like jelly or wine. At the very least, give the dishes a good rinse to remove any food or beverage remnants. When you scrape leftovers into the garbage, be sure to take the trash outside promptly. If you have a dishwasher, rinse food particles from your dishes and run the load as soon as you can. 6. Check Potato and Onion Storage Bins Most people store potatoes, onions, and other root vegetables in a cool, dark bin or cupboard. If fruit flies persist, be sure to check these storage areas for old, rotting produce. Just one old potato is all it takes to keep a fruit fly population going. Dispose of any soft or mushy potatoes or onions, and give the bin a cleaning before putting in fresh ones. 7. Set Vinegar Traps in Problem Areas Sometimes the quickest way to eliminate a population of insect pests is to wipe out the reproductive adults. Fortunately, fruit flies arent all that smart. If something smells remotely like fermenting fruit, theyll dive right in. Place a few cider vinegar traps around problem areas in your home, and you can quickly get rid of large numbers of fruit flies. You can make a vinegar trap in just a few minutes with things you probably already have in your home. 8. Fix Slow Drains and Keep Plumbing Clean Fruit flies arent above living in the muck, and that includes the muck inside your plumbing. If you have any slow-moving drains in your house, there may be enough organic matter hanging out inside your pipes to support a breeding population of fruit flies. Tape some plastic wrap over suspect drains for a few days to check for fruit flies. If you see adults on the underside of the plastic, theyre breeding in your drain. Fix any drainage issues. Pour boiling water down problem drains to help loosen accumulated deposits. If accessible, you can also use a firm brush to scrub the inside of the pipe to free it of debris. 9. Give the Kitchen a Thorough Cleaning Youd be surprised where food bits can accumulate in a kitchen. If you have a particularly stubborn fruit fly infestation, it may take some elbow grease to eliminate all of their food sources. Check the lip of your kitchen sink. There could there be food bits underneath it. Clean the burner drip pans and lift the stovetop, if possible, to remove spilled food, and check under the refrigerator for sticky spots where juice may have spilled. 10. When Canning, Make Sure Jars are Sealed Securely Not everyone is into home canning but if you are, you should know that a fruit fly infestation can sometimes be traced to even one improperly sealed jar of fruit preserves. If you keep a supply of homemade jellies or sauces on hand, take some time to doublecheck that all the seals are closed tightly. As much as a fruitfly would take delight in supping on something youd inadvertently left open, you wouldnt want to dine on anything that came from an improperly sealed jar anyway, right?

Depression Article Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Depression Review - Article Example This study wanted to provide the relationship between functional social support (FSS) and psychological capital (PC), with anxiety and stress symptoms among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The study says that it is very beneficial to employ PLWHA since through employment they get salary and wages that they use to improve the quality of their life, they become happier and they can go to hospital to be treated whenever they feel sick. For those who are not employed and are living with HIV/AIDS, they cannot have a quality life, they cannot be happy and they lack the money to use for treatment whenever they are sick. Even though benefits that are gained from the employment of PLWHA, there a lot of unemployment cases in the world. The main reason for this is psychological distress, mental, physical and other factors of social life and population (Liu et al., 326). When we talk of spiritual capital (PC), we just mean such things like efficacy, believing in a positive future and resilience that are beneficial in praising the performance of workers and congratulating them. We also considering whether or not they are getting satisfied at their place of work. In this article, the researcher conducted a cross-section survey in Liaoning Province which has a population of 43 million people between the month of December in the year 2010 and the month of April in the year 2011. In this sample, there were 360 persons living with HIV/AIDS and were fully employed, between 18 and 16 years of age. The two strategies that could help in gathering data were giving out questionnaires to the sample and the application of informed consent. After distributing out the questionnaire, 320 were fully filled, and they were analyzed and later results were released. In the process of conducting analysis, those concepts and methods that were used are Pearson’s correlation,

How social media is changing advertising models Essay

How social media is changing advertising models - Essay Example Marketers currently use social media to catch up with the digital customers, letting go the traditional advertising models, and adopting the new ones that involve marketing online via the social media. It is evident that the digital migration, specifically the current use of social media does have a growing role in marketing that changes the advertising models, this in turn has implications on how channels, consumers, and companies perform. Unlike in the past, customers can now give their feedbacks about a certain product, feedback visible to other agents, these agents include the channel partners, the competitors, and even other companies. The main impacts on the advertising models include the fact that social media allows reviews about certain products (online reviews and ratings) impact different metrics. These metrics include the brand evaluations, consumer ratings, the company performance, consumer purchase conversion rates, and the organizations value. Many of the new advertising models adopted by many organizations include "customer feedbacks," in the past the customers did not have much freedom to give feedbacks about a certain product (Evans). Currently, social media for advertising the customers the freedom to rate a certain product that to some extent defines the major characteristics of a firm. The past advertising models focused on the four Ps, social media to some extent brings in another P, which stands for the "people," which is deeper, broader, and more profound than the consumer targeting is. Social media changes the way people interact among themselves, they play a major role as creators, advocated, critics, transmitters, and transformers of messages. Not long ago, the introduction of TVs in the industry changed the advertising models used in the past, but the introduction of the internet, social media, and the use of mobile phones made them even better. The online social environments, including the social

How Media Affects Society Essay Example for Free

How Media Affects Society Essay There are still so many people that will insist that the images on TV and words and picture in Newspaper are not responsible for the problems of the society. The media is a good source of information and entertainment. In this first section I will talk about how the media affect our awareness, knowledge, attitude and behavior. You will see how the people turn to media to learn about Moral, Values and interpersonal relationship from the media. The media give us a perception of various culture, religions and believes. These help the average person to identify him and others. It show how people live like, what they believe in and describe the society. For example most media portrait most middle eastern Arabs as terrorist. They describe their ways of life as not conform with the principle of democracy. But the truth is we do not know anything about their belief. Most television viewers consider Arabs as terrorist because of the way they are portrait in the news. Heavy usage of these images may result in the cultivation of this perception. News that we get from certain media contradict the real society. You have to actually understand their religion and beliefs in order to make a statement about the person or the society. The media have a great effect on the society and in our life experience. We sometimes try to apply these concepts to our everyday life. Teenager like to watch TV shows about Love, fashion, Relationship, Violence, Speed and many other things; when older people watch about Food, Health, workout, antiques and news from the world. Things in TOGO (West Africa) there is a TV show that airs every Thursday evening at 8 oclock. when you go around all the houses in the country at that time everybody is sitting and watching that series. I do not recall the name of the series but it just impressive how a simple TV show can gather so many people at the same time. This affects everyone behaviors at that particular time. Media can be a great source of wisdom and knowledge but we should realize its impact on our society, our family ,our kid and our self. Media also causes people to have a negative view on themselves affecting their self esteem. If you were watching tv or watching a movie chances are that the stars of those shows are going to be attractive, slim or muscular. I believe that this gives a negative effect to teenagers who are still developing. By seeing this they think that they have to look and act the same as the people portrayed in these magazines or shows.

How the Introduction of the Individual into a Non-traditional Sport for

How the Introduction of the Individual into a Non-traditional Sport for His or Her Gender Affects that Individual and the Sport Itself A high school age boy makes the papers when he joins the girls' varsity field hockey team at his high school. A woman is judged according to femininity rather than muscle mass in a body building competition. An African American is thought inferior to his white counterparts on the sports field. A woman is discouraged from playing contact sports under the pretext of being too delicate. All of these events have one thing in common: they, in their own context, involve individuals entering a non-traditional sport for their gender or race. Over the years, events such as these continually arise causing either promotion of the evolution of this sport, or the destruction or discouragement of similar events occurring in the future. For the most part, such events are initially held in a negative light, only to become accepted over time, nevertheless showing the scars of damage and/or the reaped benefits. The most immediate and perhaps most obvious cost of such an entrance into the untraditional is the questioning of the participant's sexuality. This inquiry is most common to women as they enter fields such as boxing and basketball. Men, however, undergo the same scrutiny as they enter traditionally feminine sports such as figure skating and synchronized swimming. The appearance of new genders in sport does however take a step in the right direction. Every opportunity seized to create some sort of equality between the sexes in athletics is a step forward for that individual, for his or her gender, and for the sport into which he or she enters. This idea is best shown through the actions of a high scho... ...al sports for their gender. This gender battle is deep, sports being merely one of the many fronts on which these differences appear. On most occasions, this experience is difficult for the athlete. They are analyzed, questioned, and observed, all of which makes life very difficult. It is however, for the benefit of their gender, race, and for sport itself that such modifications are made, that such alterations in sport are evolved. Works Cited "The American Dream and Sport." ESS 200 Course Reader. 1-54 Banet-Weiser, Sarah. "Hoop Dreams: Professional Basketball and the Politics of Race and Gender." Journal of Sport and Social Issues. Volume 23, Number 4 (November 1999): 403-420 Holmlund, Christine Anne. "Visible Difference and Flex Appeal: The Body, Sex, Sexuality, and Race in the Pumping Iron Films." Cinema Journal. Volume 28 (Summer 1989): 299-310

English and International Integration Essay

International integration is a process by which countries remove barriers to trade freely and absorb new technology, new culture†¦ outside national borders. In the integration period, English is considered a bridge linking countries together. Nowadays, nearly 4 billion people all over the world use English as their first or second languages. Fluency in English has become an indispensable skill in the context of economic integration today. In my opinion, English not only helps you to extend the scope of communication but it also brings you many other benefits. Firstly, mastering English allows people to be kept informed of the latest news about fashion , sports, science or politics. For example; 80% of the Websites on the Internet in English and popular Newsletters on TV like BBC or CNN in English. You can update the newest fashion style of the week, the hottest news about a football match at the World Cup or the latest information of the upcoming Iphone. That’s why you easily become fashionable as long as you use English. Secondly, English offers you great chances for career promotion. Thanks to the International integration, many foreign companies have invested in our countries. They also join Vietnamese companies to do business. So English competence is the priority for big companies to hire staffs as well as considering employees for higher positions. Although there’s no official statistics on the correlation between English proficiency and wages, it’s pretty clear that the oppotunities always open wider for English candidates. Therefore, learning English is very important in the age of integration .And I don’t hesitate to share some tips on English learning with you . 1. Spend at least one hour everyday listening to news or discussion programs such as CNN news or BBC news. It’s hard to understand what they are saying when you first begin to listen to them, but gradually you’ll get used to the speed and tone. Then you can get a brief idea of what they are talking about, although you can’t get all the details. 2. Watch some English TV and listen to some English radio. TV and radio are the best and most inexpensive teachers to learn real English. Not only you can learn formal English from  news or debate TV programs, but you can also learn everyday English from soap operas, cartoons or comedies. 3. Spend more than two hours every day on reading English news or articles. Reading builds up your vocabulary, idioms, phrases, and the concepts of English structures. If you do enough reading, it will save you a lot of time since you won’t need to spend more time on building your vocabulary or grammar. Read out loud when you do your reading to improve your pronunciation at the same time. 4. Make some pen pals or native-English friends and write to them at least once everyday. The best way to improve your writing is to practice writing as much as you can. The more you write the more you know how to use what you’ve learned from reading and listening. 5. Make friends with speakers. This is the most difficult task because of the difference in culture, but you can’t really master English unless you can have good conversations with an American or Briton. Remember to ask a lot of questions to keep the conversation going. When someone asks you a question, give more than just basic information. For example, if someone asks you â€Å"Do you like living here?† don’t just answer â€Å"Yes† or â€Å"No,† but tell them why, too. 6. Think in English. Getting used to using English all the time will make it easier to listen and react with it. Follow these small tips can make it easier for you to learn English. In conclusion, eventhough English has already played an important role in our lives since Viet Nam was a full member of the WTO. This, may somehow, affect Vietnamese. But to catch up with the speed of the world’s development, we need to take the risk, learning English as much as we can, and not forgetting to keep the beauty of Vietnamese.

Major General Joseph Hooker in the Civil War

Born November 13, 1814, at Hadley, MA, Joseph Hooker was the son of local store owner Joseph Hooker and Mary Seymour Hooker. Raised locally, his family came from old New England stock and his grandfather had served as a captain during the American Revolution. After receiving his early education at Hopkins Academy, he decided to pursue a military career. With the assistance of his mother and his teacher, Hooker was able to gain the attention of Representative George Grennell who provided an appointment to the United State Military Academy. Arriving at West Point in 1833, Hookers classmates included Braxton Bragg, Jubal A. Early, John Sedgwick, and John C. Pemberton. Advancing through the curriculum, he proved an average student and graduated four years later ranked 29th in a class of 50. Commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 1st US Artillery, he was sent to Florida to fight in the Second Seminole War. While there, the regiment took part in several minor engagements and had to endure challenges from the climate and environment. Mexico With the beginning of the Mexican-American War in 1846, Hooker was assigned to the staff of Brigadier General Zachary Taylor. Taking part in the invasion of northeast Mexico, he received a brevet promotion to captain for his performance at the Battle of Monterrey. Transferred to the army of Major General Winfield Scott, he took part in the siege of Veracruz and the campaign against Mexico City. Again serving as a staff officer, he consistently displayed coolness under fire. In the course of the advance, he received additional brevet promotions to major and lieutenant colonel. A handsome young officer, Hooker began to develop a reputation as a ladies man while in Mexico and was often referred to as the Handsome Captain by the locals. Between the Wars In the months after the war, Hooker had a falling out with Scott. This was the result of Hooker supporting Major General Gideon Pillow against Scott at the formers court-martial. The case saw Pillow accused of insubordination following refusal to revise exaggerated after-action reports and then sending letters to the New Orleans Delta. As Scott was the US Armys senior general, Hookers actions had long-term negative consequences for his career and he left the service in 1853. Settling in Sonoma, CA, he began working as a developer and farmer. Overseeing 550-acre farm, Hooker grew cordwood with limited success. Increasingly unhappy with these pursuits, Hooker turned to drinking and gambling. He also tried his hand at politics but was defeated in an attempt to run for the state legislature. Tired of civilian life, Hooker applied to Secretary of War John B. Floyd in 1858 and asked to be reinstated as a lieutenant colonel. This request was denied and his military activities were limited to a colonelcy in the California militia. An outlet for his military aspirations, he oversaw its first encampment in Yuba County. The Civil War Begins With the outbreak of the Civil War, Hooker found himself lacking the money to travel east. Staked by a friend, he made the trip and immediately offered his services to the Union. His initial efforts were rebuffed and he was forced to watch the First Battle of Bull Run as a spectator. In the wake of the defeat, he wrote an impassioned letter to President Abraham Lincoln and was appointed as a brigadier general of volunteers in August 1861. Quickly moving from brigade to division command, he aided Major General George B. McClellan in organizing the new Army of the Potomac. With the beginning of the Peninsula Campaign in early 1862, he commanded the 2nd Division, III Corps. Advancing up the Peninsula, Hookers division took part in the Siege of Yorktown in April and May. During the siege, he earned a reputation for looking after his men and seeing to their welfare. Performing well at the Battle of Williamsburg on May 5, Hooker was promoted to major general effective that date though he felt slighted by his superiors after action report.   Fighting Joe It was during his time on the Peninsula that Hooker earned the nickname Fighting Joe. Disliked by Hooker who thought it made him sound like a common bandit, the name was the result of a typographical error in a Northern newspaper. Despite the Union reverses during the Seven Days Battles in June and July, Hooker continued shine on the battlefield. Transferred north to Major General John Popes Army of Virginia, his men took part in the Union defeat at Second Manassas in late August. On September 6, he was given command of III Corps, which was redesignated I Corps six days later. As General Robert E. Lees Army of Northern Virginia moved north into Maryland, it was pursued by Union troops under McClellan. Hooker first led his corps in battle on September 14 when it fought well at South Mountain. Three days later, his men opened the fighting at the Battle of Antietam and engaged Confederate troops under Major General Thomas Stonewall Jackson. In the course of the fighting, Hooker was wounded in the foot and had to be taken from the field. Recovering from his wound, he returned to the army to find that Major General Ambrose Burnside had replaced McClellan. Given command of a Grand Division consisting of III and V Corps, his men took heavy losses that December at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Long a vocal critic of his superiors, Hooker relentlessly attacked Burnside in the press and in the wake of the latters failed Mud March in January 1863 these intensified. Though Burnside intended to remove his adversary, he was prevented from doing so when he himself was relieved by Lincoln on January 26. In Command To replace Burnside, Lincoln turned to Hooker due to his reputation for aggressive fighting and chose to overlook the generals history of outspokenness and hard living. Assuming command of the Army of the Potomac, Hooker worked tirelessly to improve the conditions for his men and improve morale. These were largely successful and he was well-liked by his soldiers. Hookers plan for the spring called for a large-scale cavalry raid to disrupt the Confederate supply lines while he took the army on a sweeping flanking march to strike Lees position at Fredericksburg in the rear. While the cavalry raid was largely a failure, Hooker succeeded in surprising Lee and gained an early advantage in the Battle of Chancellorsville. Though successful, Hooker began to lose his nerve as the battle continued and assumed an increasingly defensive posture. Taken in the flank by an audacious attack by Jackson on May 2, Hooker was forced back. The next day, at the height of the fighting, he was injured when the pillar he was leaning against was struck by a cannonball. Initially knocked unconscious, he was incapacitated most of the day but refused to cede command. Recovering, he was compelled to retreat back across the Rappahannock River. Having defeated Hooker, Lee began moving north to invade Pennsylvania. Directed to screen Washington and Baltimore, Hooker followed though he first suggested a strike on Richmond. Moving north, he got into a dispute over defensive arrangements at Harpers Ferry with Washington and impulsively offered his resignation in protest. Having increasingly lost confidence in Hooker, Lincoln accepted and appointed Major General George G. Meade to replace him. Meade would lead the army to victory at Gettysburg a few days later. Goes West In the wake of Gettysburg, Hooker was transferred west to the Army of the Cumberland along with the XI and XII Corps. Serving under Major General Ulysses S. Grant, he quickly regained his reputation as an effective commander at the Battle of Chattanooga. During these operations, his men won the Battle of Lookout Mountain on November 23 and took part in the larger fighting two days later. In April 1864, XI and XII Corps were consolidated into XX Corps under Hookers command. Serving in the Army of the Cumberland, XX Corps performed well during Major General William T. Shermans drive against Atlanta. On July 22, the commander of the Army of the Tennessee, Major General James McPherson, was killed at the Battle of Atlanta and replaced by Major General Oliver O. Howard. This incensed Hooker as he was senior and blamed Howard for the defeat at Chancellorsville. Appeals to Sherman were in vain and Hooker asked to be relieved. Departing Georgia, he was given command of the Northern Department for the remainder of the war. Later Life Following the war, Hooker remained in the army. He retired in 1868 as a major general after suffering a stroke that left him partially paralyzed. After spending much of his retired life around New York City, he died on October 31, 1879, while visiting Garden City, NY. He was buried at Spring Grove Cemetery in his wifes, Olivia Groesbeck, hometown of Cincinnati, OH. Though known for his hard drinking and wild lifestyle, the magnitude of Hookers personal escapades is a subject of much debate among his biographers.